| Description |
The most basic procedure, involving only the identification and excision of the hernia sac. No muscle repair is performed. |
The modern standard for adults. The hernia defect is reinforced with a synthetic mesh, which acts as a scaffold for new tissue growth. |
A traditional technique where the surgeon stitches the patient's own muscle tissue together to close the hernia defect. |
| Common Use |
Almost exclusively for paediatric patients with congenital indirect inguinal hernias. |
The go-to for most adult hernias: inguinal, femoral, incisional, umbilical, and ventral. Considered the gold standard. |
Used for small hernias (<2cm) in patients with strong tissue, or when mesh is contraindicated (e.g., infection). |
| Indications |
- Symptomatic inguinal hernias in infants and children.
- Prevention of incarceration or strangulation in paediatric patients.
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- Most primary and recurrent hernias in adults.
- Large hernias where a suture repair would be under high tension.
- To achieve the lowest rate of hernia recurrence.
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- Small hernias with strong surrounding fascia.
- Contaminated or strangulated cases where synthetic mesh is unsafe.
- Patient preference or when mesh is unavailable.
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| Contraindications |
- Not suitable for adults due to acquired muscle weakness.
- General contraindications to surgery (e.g., severe illness).
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- Active infection or contamination at the surgical site.
- Strangulated hernia with bowel contamination (relative contraindication).
- Known allergy to mesh materials (rare).
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- Large hernias (high tension leads to high recurrence).
- Recurrent hernias where tissue is already scarred and weak.
- Patients with known connective tissue disorders.
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